Strengths and Coverage:
Most of us anglers are pretty much up to speed on how the conventional 2D cone shaped sound wave works. I.e 20° @ 200kHz, 60° @ 83kHz, stronger in the centre and weaker around the edge. This is why we get an arc with thin tails on either end. The other thing we know about these ‘cones’ is that the transducer listens to a lot more than what is labeled as 20° @ -10dB, and these outer ‘areas’ are called the ‘outer lobes’. It is these outer lobes that generally cause all the clutter seen on your screen. Humminbird’s technology filters this clutter, but can be switched on or off with the SwitchFire feature.
When it comes to high frequency sonar, we are generally not all that clued up on the inner workings due to lack of transparency by the manufacturers for obvious security reasons. And therefore opinions and presumptions become the only source of information like this one I’m feeding you right now.
This diagram below is taken from the Humminbird 1197c SI user manual page 53 under the heading ‘Understanding Side Imaging’. (2009 model)
Like the 83kHz and 200 kHz I believe the 455kHz too has a higher and a lower strength area. I have added shading to demonstrate the 455kHz beam’s higher and lower strength areas as I have come to understand them.
From the top of the side beam (closest to the surface) to lets say in this example, an angle of an estimated 45°, the beam strength will slowly increase from lets say 5/20 to 20/20, like an eye test. After all, sonar is really just our ‘eyes’ under the water. From this angle to nearly directly beneath the boat, the strength of the beam decreases rapidly once again. This is why I believe Humminbird say 84° coverage in the 455kHz, and not 90°, due to this rapid drop in strength.
This is however not a constant angle to the left and right, but rather one that changes depending on depth. The sound wave, being a mechanical wave, and will bounce off objects, especially big objects like the sea bed or bottom of the dam especially in the shallows.