Here is some approximate battery capacity info:
Group 27 85-105 Amp hours 12 volts
Group 31 95-125 Amp hours 12 volts
if you ran your battery to completely dead (which you would never do, it would shorten the battery life significantly). Take the amp hour capacity and divide it by the charging current. It would take between 9.5 and 12.5 hours to completely recharge a Group 31 battery with a 10 amp charger or between 19 and 25 hours for a 5 amp charger.
These are not perfect but a good gauge. If your trolling motor is still running at the end of the day you have probably only discharged your battery to about half, so you will have to replace half of the amp hours.
According to Minn Kota a 80lb thrust trolling motor draws about 56 amps at full speed (max draw). So, at full speed your trolling motor will use up 56 amps capacity from each of your 12 volt batteries in your 24 volt system. At full speed your grp 31 batteries will last somewhere near 2 to 3 hours.
now that you have the math…fish on…