Tempering is just strengthening… its a process. Laminate is, as stated, a sheet of laminate in the glass. Back when windshields would “shatter” (think small explosion) the glass would break into tons of small pieces… they then started laminating them… that turned them into death traps, an occupant would be thrown forward through the windshield, break the laminate the exact size that their head doing 60 mph would fit through being cut by the tiny pieces of glass and then after the impact on the rebound, their head would be pulled “back through” the opening they created on the impact… lots of head trauma. Then they started tempering the glass and that made it much stronger and also made it to break into larger pieces (shatter proof) and even in some cases, it just cracks. (think pebble at 60 mph) They also got better with laminates too, making them stronger and more flexible. And oh yeah, wear your seat belts !