That’s a pretty big can of worms you’re asking about, but you can keep it pretty simple depending on technique.
For panfish, a dozen “mini-mites”, a pack of split shot, clip on floats, slip bobbers and a pack of stops.
Bass, just pack some spinner baits. You can go crazy with all sorts of tackle, but if I ever get bored enough to fish for bass it seems they always hit a spinner.
For walleye, a slip bobber, split shot and baited hook catch a ton of fish. Another easy way is those clip on bottom bouncers with a swivel and a 3-6′ leader with a slow death hook and a crawler. Again, you can go crazy with unlimited options, but those two above will always produce, and often produce a mixed bag if there’s other fish around.
If you’re into trolling for walleyes, some number 5 and 7 flicker shads will produce 95% of the time (either long lined in shallow water or on leadcore in 15+’)