From my experience you’re not always going to be able to figure out what something is from 2D depthfinders, you’ll need to couple that with side imaging or camera work or something else like running a crankbait through something like you tried already.
I’ve seen things similar to your pic number 1 & 3 ending up being just a strand of weed. I remember once on a clean, sandy hump seeing a single, vertical strand of weed showing up like pic 1 & 3.
Pic 2 could be anything from a suspended weed to a small fish.
Your rock guess on pic 2 is probably correct and pic 4 looks like two fish to me but I have seen wood look like that as well.
The “interference” type stuff always boggles my mind but I do know that bubbles, insects and floating debris can all produce this. Probably not bubbles since those look more symetrical.