Hello, I am a Duluth resident who began fishing the area this winter.
As for lakes, there is a bit of a limited selection. There are various reservoirs just north of the city that I’m sure you could find panfish on.
As for walleye & perch – I highly suggest trying the Duluth harbor area near Park Point / The airport. There are extensive flats running from 8”- 12” all up & down the harbor. I’ve only been out there a couple times but I see houses scattered out there all the time – big fish in there too. To my knowledge the shipping season has concluded until late March, so you won’t have to worry about ships going through the SW end