Dr. Ed Ashby
Arrow Shafts. With any given shafting material and shaft finish, the larger a shaft’s diameter the greater will be the resistance to its penetration. It will present a larger frontal area to the tissues, displace a greater volume of tissue as it penetrates, and present more total surface area to the tissues (which results in a higher drag factor).
As a general rule, the arrow’s shaft should have a diameter that is less than the broadhead’s ferrule diameter. In testing with parallel shafts (as opposed to tapered or barrel tapered shafts), outcome data shows that when a shaft’s diameter is greater than the broadhead’s ferrule diameter the arrow’s penetration is reduced by and average of 30 percent, as compared to a situation where the shaft’s diameter equals the diameter of the broadhead’s ferrule.
If the shaft’s diameter is less than that of the broadhead’s ferrule, the penetration increases by an average of 10 percent. That can equate to as much as a 40 percent difference in measurable penetration between two arrows which are equal in all respects except for the diameter of the shaft. This is not theory. It is what average outcome measurements from comparable shots into real tissues show. It is a graphic demonstration of the importance of shaft drag as a factor in the overall resistance force when penetrating real tissues.
It is tempting to advise that one use as small a shaft diameter as possible, but recent testing is highly suggestive that other factors may also be at play. In the recent tests, shafts of identical materials and nearly equal mass, but of various profiles, were tested. All were tested at the same distance (20 yards), from the same bow, and with the same broadhead.
The results were, to say the least, of interest. Averaging the results from all comparable shots, the frequency of shafts with a tapered profile out-penetrating those with either parallel or barrel tapered profile was extremely high. A definite tendency was manifest.
Of note, the tapered shafts averaged about 50 to 70 grains less mass than either the parallel or the barrel tapered shafts. They also had a larger diameter at the point just back of the broadhead’s ferrule than either the parallel or tapered shafts, though ALL the shafts still had a diameter (just back of the broadhead) which was less than the broadhead’s ferrule diameter.
What the tapered shafts did have was a significantly higher percentage of weight forward of center (high FOC) and a shaft profile that became steadily smaller in diameter towards the rear of the shaft – a ‘reverse inclined plane’ which, in theory, might result in a lower overall shaft drag factor. It is also a feasible hypothesis that the lower mass towards the rear of the tapered shaft arrow may cause less shaft flexion, reducing resistance.
A new series of study ‘focal points’, designed to isolate only the FOC as a variable between the arrows physical structure, are planned. How much of the (consistently significant) difference in outcome penetration was due to the high FOC and how much to shaft profile or reduced flexion of the shaft? Only time will tell.